By The formulas of arithmetic: পাটিগণিতের সূত্র।
The formulas of arithmetic: পাটিগণিতের সূত্র।
Arithmetic is a fundamental branch of mathematics that deals with basic operations on numbers. The four primary arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Here are the basic formulas and details for each operation:
1. Addition:
Formula: a + b = c
– Addition is the process of combining two or more numbers to find their sum.
– “a” and “b” are the addends, and “c” is the sum.
– Commutative Property: a + b = b + a
– Associative Property: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
– Identity Element: a + 0 = a (0 is the additive identity)
2. Subtraction:
Formula: a – b = c
– Subtraction is the process of finding the difference between two numbers.
– “a” is the minuend, “b” is the subtrahend, and “c” is the difference.
– It is the inverse operation of addition.
3. Multiplication:
Formula: a * b = c
– Multiplication is the process of repeated addition.
– “a” and “b” are factors, and “c” is the product.
– Commutative Property: a * b = b * a
– Associative Property: (a * b) * c = a * (b * c)
– Identity Element: a * 1 = a (1 is the multiplicative identity)
– Zero Property: a * 0 = 0
4. Division:
Formula: a / b = c
– Division is the process of finding how many times one number can be divided by another.
– “a” is the dividend, “b” is the divisor, and “c” is the quotient.
– Division is the inverse operation of multiplication.
– Divisor cannot be zero (b ≠ 0).
– Division by zero is undefined.
It’s important to note that these basic arithmetic operations can be extended to real numbers, fractions, decimals, and even complex numbers. Additionally, there are many properties and rules that govern these operations, such as the distributive property and the order of operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS), which dictate the sequence in which operations should be performed in mathematical expressions.
These fundamental arithmetic operations serve as the building blocks for more advanced mathematical concepts and are used in various everyday applications, from basic calculations to more complex problem-solving.
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